When Hannibal wiped out a Roman army at Cannae, killing tens of thousands in an afternoon, Rome refused to negotiate and won the war anyway. A little over a century later the sa…
Benjamin Franklin spent the Revolution helping to break up the British Empire, while his son William, the royal governor of New Jersey, sat in a Patriot jail for staying loyal t…
Beneath the steps of a temple at Meroe, in what is now Sudan, archaeologists found a bronze head of the Roman emperor Augustus, buried where every worshiper would tread on it. K…
Three hundred Spartans held the pass at Thermopylae, the story goes, and died to a man. In fact there were about seven thousand Greeks at the start, the Spartans had seven hundr…
In 1770 a chess-playing automaton dressed as a Turkish sorcerer toured the courts of Europe and beat almost everyone it played. Its secret was a human champion folded up inside …
The oldest printed book with a date on it is a Buddhist scripture from 868, found in a sealed cave in western China. Korea was casting metal type nearly eighty years before Gute…
In 1945 Winston Churchill wanted the surviving Nazi leaders shot as soon as they were identified. Instead they were given defense lawyers, headphones in four languages and a yea…
The most famous charter of liberty in history spends a surprising amount of its length on fish traps, inheritance fees and the size of a measure of ale. It was written for a few…
In 1789 the richest colony on Earth was a strip of mountains and sugar fields on the island of Hispaniola, worked by half a million enslaved people. Fifteen years later it was a…
Around 1750 BCE a man named Nanni pressed an angry letter into clay. The copper he had paid for was poor, he told the merchant Ea-nasir, his messenger had been turned away rudel…