
Should the railroads try to abolish the commission created to police them? No, their lawyer advised in 1892: the commission could be made "of great use to the railroads," because it quieted public anger while its supervision stayed "almost entirely nominal." That letter is a small key to a large lock. The corruption that does the most damage rarely looks like an envelope of cash. It looks like a friendly regulator, a well-timed job offer, a nonprofit with no listed donors, a lunch that seemed too small to matter.
Roman governors, French judges who inherited their seats, a congressman's price list for contracts and an Ohio utility's secret bailout all turn up along the way, and the point of meeting them is pattern recognition. Afterward a news story about a no-bid contract or a retired official's new board seat reads differently: as a machine with moving parts, incentives and weak points that ordinary citizens can name, question and help repair.
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