In 1920 the Czech writer Karel Čapek needed a name for the artificial laborers in his new play, and his brother Josef suggested one built from robota, an old word for forced lab…
A four-year-old who says "I goed outside" has never heard anyone say goed. She invented it, by applying a rule nobody taught her, and in that small mistake lies one of the deepe…
Nobody is in charge of the world. There is no global police force to call when one country invades another, no court that can make a superpower show up, and no parliament that w…
In the late 1930s, a federal appraiser could shade a city neighborhood red on a map. Today, on a summer afternoon, many of those same streets are measurably hotter than the ones…
Most of the energy you are using to read this sentence probably came from three grasses. Rice, wheat and maize were once scrappy wild plants, and the way people tamed them, grew…
Give two groups of students the same passage. One group rereads it and walks out feeling ready; the other closes the book, struggles to recall what it said, and walks out feelin…
In 1906 a young man from the Congo named Ota Benga was put on show in the monkey house of the Bronx Zoo, and visitors were told he was a missing link. Less than a century later,…
Mail two identical résumés to the same employers, change only the name at the top, and the phone may ring far more often for one of them. Nothing about the applicants differs. S…
In 1854 a London doctor persuaded local officials to take the handle off a water pump on Broad Street, and a cholera outbreak that had killed hundreds faded away. In 1977 a hosp…
Sweden has a king who is not allowed to choose the prime minister. Iran holds real elections, then lets a council of clerics strike candidates off the ballot. Switzerland is run…
A railway foreman survived an iron rod through his skull and, his friends said, came back a different man. A Russian scientist set out to study digestion and ended up teaching d…
Two centuries ago, by historians' rough estimates, most people alive were desperately poor. Today a much smaller share are, yet hundreds of millions still live on a few dollars …
Why statistics matter and how they mislead, describing data with averages and spread, percentages, rates and risks, how samples and surveys work, why correlation is not causatio…
What a cognitive bias is and why the mind relies on shortcuts, fast and slow thinking, confirmation bias and motivated reasoning, the surprising fallibility of memory and percep…
This course cover scarcity, opportunity cost, incentives and marginal thinking, supply and demand, what markets do well and why trade pays, market failures and government failur…